How to Obtain Romanian Citizenship by Descent
What You Need to Know
Romania is a thriving tech hub and a gateway to the European Union, offering a high quality of life, visa-free travel to over 170 countries, and access to free education and healthcare. As a Romanian citizen, you can live, work, and study anywhere in the EU and Switzerland. For those with Romanian ancestry, obtaining Romanian citizenship by descent is a straightforward process that grants you all these benefits. This guide, brought to you by AptCitizenship, will walk you through the eligibility criteria, requirements, and steps to secure your Romanian citizenship.

Why Choose Romanian Citizenship?
Romania is one of the fastest-growing economies in the EU, with Bucharest as a bustling business hub and Cluj-Napoca earning the title of the “Silicon Valley of Eastern Europe.” As a Romanian citizen, you gain:
- EU Citizenship: Live, work, and study in any EU country.
- Visa-Free Travel: Access to over 170 countries, including the EU, UK, Canada, and more.
- High Quality of Life: Affordable living costs, excellent healthcare, and free education.
- Dual Citizenship: Romania allows dual citizenship, so you don’t have to give up your current nationality.
Romania’s strategic position in Europe also makes it an attractive destination for business, tourism, and cultural exchange. Whether you are drawn to the breathtaking Carpathian Mountains or the rich historical tapestry of Transylvania, becoming a Romanian citizen unlocks unique opportunities, particularly for those with a keen interest in reconnecting with their roots or tapping into Europe’s dynamic economy.
Romanian Citizenship by Descent: Who is Eligible?
Romania offers two primary pathways to citizenship by descent:
1. Citizenship as Reparations for Nazi Alliance
Between 1937 and 1945, Romania was allied with the Nazi regime, leading to the persecution and ethnic cleansing of Jewish communities and other minority groups. To address this dark chapter, Romania provides reparations by granting citizenship to descendants of Holocaust victims.
Eligibility Criteria:
- You must be a direct descendant (up to the second degree) of a victim persecuted during the Holocaust.
- This includes children and grandchildren of Holocaust victims.
2. Citizenship by Romanian Descent (Modern-Day and Former Territories)
If you have an ancestor born in modern-day Romania or former Romanian territories (such as Bukovina, Moldova, Hungary, Bulgaria, or Ukraine), you may qualify for citizenship by descent.
Eligibility Criteria:
- You must be a descendant up to the third degree of an ancestor born in Romania or its former territories.
- This includes children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren.
This pathway uniquely sets Romania apart, offering individuals a chance to reclaim their heritage while enjoying the modern benefits of EU citizenship.
Requirements for Romanian Citizenship by Descent
To apply for Romanian citizenship by descent, you’ll need to provide the following documents:
Supporting Documents for Descendants:
- Current passport and a notarized copy.
- Recent passport-sized photograph (3.5 cm x 4.5 cm, not older than six months).
- Birth certificate or civil status certificate, apostilled or superlegalized, with a legalized translation.
- Criminal record from your country of residence, apostilled or superlegalized, with a legalized translation.
Supporting Documents for Ancestors:
- Original birth certificate of your ancestor, with a legalized translation.
- Original marriage certificate (if applicable), with a legalized translation.
- Original death certificate (if applicable), with a legalized translation.
- Proof of withdrawal of Romanian citizenship (if applicable) or naturalization certificate in another country.
- Documents attesting to your ancestor’s departure date from Romania (required only for descendants of Holocaust victims).
Ensuring that all documents meet legal standards can be complex, and the uniqueness of each case often requires professional guidance to navigate seamlessly.
Application Process for Romanian Citizenship by Descent
Step 1: Gather Documents
Collect all required documents, ensuring they are apostilled, superlegalized, and translated into Romanian.
Step 2: Submit Application
File your application in person at the Romanian National Citizenship Authority or a Romanian consulate in your country of residence. It’s advisable to double-check your application to avoid delays.
Step 3: Wait for Approval
The processing time ranges from 6 months to 2 years, depending on the complexity of your case and the verification process. Cases involving easily verifiable documents may be expedited, while those requiring extensive archival research or legal clarifications could take longer.
Step 4: Take the Oath of Allegiance
Once approved, you’ll need to take the oath of allegiance to Romania. This formal step solidifies your commitment to the country and its laws.
Step 5: Receive Your Passport
After taking the oath, you’ll receive your Romanian passport, granting you full EU citizenship rights. This passport opens doors to travel, work, and reside across Europe without restrictions.
Key Benefits of Romanian Citizenship by Descent
- No Language Test: Unlike other EU countries, Romania does not require language proficiency for citizenship by descent.
- Dual Citizenship Allowed: You can retain your current nationality while enjoying the benefits of Romanian citizenship.
- EU Freedom of Movement: Live, work, or study in any EU country without restrictions.
- Visa-Free Travel: Enjoy hassle-free travel to over 170 countries worldwide.
Additionally, Romanian citizenship offers a deeper connection to your heritage and the chance to be part of a vibrant European community.
Why Work with AptCitizenship?
Navigating the Romanian citizenship by descent process can be complex, especially when dealing with historical records and legal documents. AptCitizenship specializes in citizenship applications and can assist you with:
- Proving your lineage by accessing archives and institutions.
- Legalizing and apostilling documents.
- Liaising with Romanian authorities to ensure a smooth application process.
- Guiding you through every step until you receive your Romanian passport.
With their expertise, you can simplify an otherwise intricate process and achieve your goal efficiently.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- Can I apply for Romanian citizenship if my ancestor was born in a former Romanian territory?
Yes, as long as your ancestor was born in modern-day Romania or its former territories (e.g., Moldova, Bukovina, or parts of Ukraine), you may qualify. - Do I need to renounce my current citizenship?
No, Romania allows dual citizenship, so you can keep your existing nationality. - How long does the process take?
The process typically takes between 6 months and 2 years, depending on document verification and the National Citizenship Authority’s workload. - Is there a language requirement?
No, Romanian citizenship by descent does not require language proficiency.
Conclusion
Romanian citizenship by descent is a unique opportunity to reconnect with your heritage and unlock the benefits of EU citizenship. Whether you’re a descendant of Holocaust victims or have ancestors from Romania or its former territories, this pathway offers a straightforward route to securing your Romanian passport. With the help of experts like AptCitizenship, the process becomes even more seamless, ensuring you can enjoy the privileges of Romanian citizenship without hassle.
By acquiring Romanian citizenship, you join a growing community of individuals embracing their European roots. This step not only enriches your personal identity but also expands your global opportunities for education, business, and lifestyle.
Expanded Insights for Aspiring Citizens
A Rich Cultural Legacy
Romania is renowned for its folklore, music, and dance. From the haunting melodies of traditional instruments to vibrant festivals celebrating seasonal changes, Romanian culture is a treasure trove for anyone passionate about heritage.
Business Opportunities in Romania
The country’s growing economy, coupled with its strategic location, presents unparalleled business opportunities. Entrepreneurs and investors can benefit from a skilled workforce, low corporate taxes, and a welcoming business environment. As a Romanian citizen, you’re perfectly positioned to tap into these advantages.
Educational Advantages
Romania offers a variety of educational programs in fields such as technology, medicine, and the arts. Being an EU citizen opens doors to prestigious universities across Europe, many of which offer reduced tuition fees or scholarships for EU nationals.
Connecting with Your Roots
For those of Romanian descent, acquiring citizenship is more than a legal process—it’s a journey back to your roots. Visiting ancestral lands, understanding family traditions, and participating in Romanian cultural practices provide a profound sense of belonging.
Romania’s historical and cultural fabric offers individuals the chance to deepen their understanding of their heritage while enjoying the privileges of EU citizenship. Whether through folklore, academia, or entrepreneurial endeavors, Romanian citizenship enriches personal and professional horizons.